Essay on Theme of Marriage in Pride and Prejudice

How is marriage presented in Pride and Prejudice? Marriage is an important theme in the novel ‘‘Pride and Prejudice’’ by Jane Austin and it is portrayed in many different ways. Even the very first line displays this theme, as it says ‘It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife,’ which is said by the narrator. This is a clever opening as it brings you straight into the main theme of marriage, while also introducing the subtle theme of satire. The irony of the line is that the truth, and the plot of the book, turns out to be a complete reversal of this phrase, with the point being that it is a single woman of little fortune who must be in want of a husband,†¦show more content†¦That is the way Austin intended it to be when she wrote the book, and everything in the book is calculated to make you sympathise with her. Elizabeth always makes clear observations and isn’t afraid to speak her mind, like when she say ‘I give you leave to like him. You have liked many a stupider person,’ to Jane. She has decided that she approves of Mr Bingley so her sister is allowed to like him, and she has judged many men before him that she has considered stupider. Elizabeth’s mother, Mrs Bennet, believes that marriage is purely for convenience as is shown in the quote ‘When a woman has five grown up daughters, she ought to give over thinking of her own beauty.’ This shows that she is obsessed with getting her daughters married to rich or important men, without regard for their feelings. She is a complete opposite to Elizabeth, who believes that when you marry it should be for love, and with mutual respect, understanding and independence. She is also the opposite to her friend Charlotte Lucas who believes that ‘Happiness in marriage is entirely a matter of chance.’ Austin uses this, along with Mrs Bennet’s views, to show the most common point of view at the time while creating a parody of not just marriage but the whole class structure. When Mr Collins proposes to Elizabeth she refuses, saying ‘I am veryShow MoreRelatedThe Theme Of Love And Marriage In Pride And Prejudice1000 Words   |  4 PagesIn Jane Austen’s â€Å"Pride and Prejudice†, one of the major themes is love and marriage. Elizabeth is portrayed as a movement towards women’s rights and what is wrong with society and their views of women as material possessions or collateral. Jane Austen seems to do this in a satirical way by bringing light to these issues in a comical romance, hidden in the humor. On the very first page of the novel, you have Mrs. Bennet not only desperately wanting to marry off her five daughters, but also to aRead MoreThe Theme of Marriage in Pride and Prejudice Essay3563 Words   |  15 Pagesimportance of marriage for a young woman and her family in the nineteenth century may be difficult for modern readers to understand. Although the daughters of the middle and upper class could be sent to school, their education consisted more of becoming accomplished. Society could not conceive of a woman entering a profession such as medicine or law and therefore did not offer her a chance to do so. Because of the extremely limited options a woman had in order to earn a living, marriage was essentialRead More The Theme of Marriage in Jane Austens Pride And Prejudice Essay841 Words   |  4 PagesThe Theme of Marriage in Jane Austens Pride And Prejudice One of the main themes in Pride And Prejudice is marriage. Throughout the novel, the author describes the various types of marriages and reasons behind them. It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife. The novel demonstrates how many women need to marry men they are not in love with simply in order to gain financial security. The firstRead MoreThe Theme of Marriage in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice Essay1801 Words   |  8 PagesThe Theme of Marriage in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice Marriage has been one of the main themes portrayed in Jane Austens novel of Pride and Prejudice. The author skilfully discusses, through most of her characters about the general views on marriage, the usual outcomes of marriage and most of the general problems the low class people are facing in marriage. There are four marriages in the novel and each of them differs in the way they are set out. The authorRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice861 Words   |  4 PagesIn the article â€Å"Pride and Prejudice - Inversion and Criticism of the Romantic Novel† written by Koh Tsin Yen, Yen thoroughly explains a deeper meaning of Pride and Prejudice from both hers and Austen’s perspective of the novel. In Jane Austen’s novel Pride and Prejudice, which takes place in the 19th century, Austen portrays marriage and social class as two themes with an extreme importance. While tying together two similar points of views, Yen also incorporates Austen s themes from her novel asRead More Women and Marriage in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice Essay examples663 Words   |  3 PagesWomen and Marriage in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice And they lived happily ever after... Or did they? Pride and Prejudice, a captivating novel written by Jane Austen, is the story of Elizabeth and her adventure challenging society and ending up deep in true love. Pride and Prejudice takes place in a town outside of London called Hertfordshire, where the reader follows Elizabeth, her friends, and her family as they search for love in the nineteenth century. The author writes of ElizabethsRead MoreComparative Study: Letters to Alice and Pride and Prejudice1502 Words   |  7 Pagesportrayed in Pride and Prejudice are creatively reshaped in Letters to Alice. The two texts, Letters to Alice and Pride and Prejudice, mirror and contrast the central values shared and explored by evaluating them; presenting them against Jane Austens context and that of Fay Weldon. Mirroring Austens novel, Weldon presents the central values for women such as the social values of moral behaviour, independence, and, literary values of reading and writing, from Pride and Prejudice and adapts themRead MoreRealism in Pride and Prejudice1412 Words   |  6 Pagesrealism is appropriate to the main themes of the novel. Sara Perley Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen is a complex novel mixing romance with comedy with an unprecedented quality of realism. Austens techniques require the reader to pay close attention and to actively interpret what it is they are reading unlike other light novels which you can passively work your way through. Pride and Prejudice is centrally concerned with the ideals and necessities of marriage in the early nineteenth centuryRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen1399 Words   |  6 PagesPride and Prejudice The novel Pride and Prejudice written by Jane Austen is a satirical depiction of the social life and atmosphere of eighteenth and nineteenth century England, which at the time was predominantly concerned with the courtship customs of the English gentry. The novel, through Austen’s ironic and subtle writing style, is far more than just a romantic comedy, since it skillfully addresses and combines the political, economic, philosophical and feminist themes of its periodRead MorePride and Prejudice Narrative Style Essay1285 Words   |  6 PagesJane Austen the author of Pride and Prejudice a novel where irony is considered the foundation for this novel. Irony, humour and the extensive use of dialogue complement each other to create an inviting novel for potential readers to lose themselves in. Irony is used to show the difference in truth and the way things may seem. Austen uses irony to create deeper emotions and laugh and characters perceptions in the novel. Humour is also used to show relationships but to guide the reader to understand

The Importance of Theory and Research in Child Development...

The Importance of Theory and Research in Child Development JoLinda Freeman PSY104 Child and Adolescent Development Instructor Mark Kavanaugh April 4, 2015 The Importance of Theory and Research in Child Development In order for us to understand how a child develops we must conduct research on theories that we believe and others believe to be true. When we do understand the development of children we will be able to understand the skills and behaviors of children. This will help us to understand why they will not eat certain foods or how children of different ages react differently to certain things. In the early 20th century many theories were put forward to help explain why and how children develop. A theorist who played a†¦show more content†¦According to Virginia Department of Social Services (2004) Child development is the foundation upon which early childhood practice is based. Because the psychomotor, socioemotional, cognitive, and linguistic developmental domains are inter-related, early childhood professionals in all types of programs (e.g., family child care homes, early childhood education centers) must comprehend both the processes of development and the adult’s role in supporting each child’s growth, development, and learning. (p. 1) Scholarly researchers will form a hypothesis, and then while referring back to previous research or writing by other academics or scholars, conduct research on the hypothesis in order to make their information available to the rest of the scholars. Unlike scholarly research, anecdotal evidence is something that is experienced by the researcher and is not considered very reliable. According to Mossler (2014) â€Å"Anecdotal evidence is not a substitute for good research. Only controlled experimental studies can properly answer the question of cause and effect.† (p. 48) Cognitive developmental theory is founded on the idea that children gain knowledge by exploring and influencing the world that is all around them. According to Mossler (2014) â€Å"After many years of observing the mental limitations of children, including his own, Piaget came to the conclusion that children ofShow MoreRelatedAttachment Theory As A Framework For Understanding Interpersonal And Emotional Outcomes Of Adults1442 Words   |  6 Pageshave begun to use attachment theory, as a framework for understanding interpersonal and emotional outcomes of adults. Attachment theory also creates, an understanding of how parent relationships, affects a child’s early physiological development throughout adult-hood. In the past, research done on father -child relationships, has generally, focused on the attachment the child develops, when the father is absent in the child’s early stages of development. In my research, I found recent studies, performedRead MoreIn Early Chil dhood, Play Diverges, Contingent On An Immense1351 Words   |  6 Pagesyears by numerous theories in early childhood development. Consideration needs to be taken as to if play is free and simple or not. Over the years there has been a multitude of different theories about the purpose of a child’s play. The first theories of play were developed in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries with four main theories that involved the perception of how and why children work. These theories were the surplus energy theory, the recreation theory, the instinct theory and the recapitulationRead MoreMy Point Of View Attachment Theory1033 Words   |  5 PagesMain Post Attachment theory is defined as the characters associated with the long term associated of human beings. From my point of view attachment is a lasting, secure and positive bond between a child and a caregiver, a reciprocal relationship. John Bowlby who used his knowledge in developmental psychology, psychoanalysis, ethology, and data processing to base his principle of the theory developed attachment theory. John Bowlby believed that attachment theory was on of the four essential behavioralRead MoreThe Importance Of An Alliance With Children1298 Words   |  6 Pagesliterature review done by the researcher(s) in the article show any trends before the actual research in this specific study began? An over all trend was an anecdotal agreement amongst clinicians on the importance of an alliance in work with children, there is a lack research to define and guide the practice of developing an alliance with children. The researchers stated the therapeutic relationship between the child and therapist is as critical to constructive outcomes as it is with adults. HoweverRead MoreThe Theory Of Kathryn Barnard1643 Words   |  7 Pages Abstract The theory of Kathryn Barnard, Sums up the many contributions that she provided to the science of nursing (Parent-Child Interaction model) is the most relevant and contains in itself all the research throughout her life. The essence of the theory is the relationship that has the environment, parents or caregiver for the upbringing of the child since birth and the characteristics of the child if, in the process of their development bio-psycho-social, demonstrating howRead MoreRationale Statement : The Development And Implementation Of The Curriculum1639 Words   |  7 PagesRationale Statement: â€Å"Relationships are the foundation of the development and implementation of the curriculum for the infants and toddlers. Responsive caregiving and use of individual caregiving routines(for example, nappy changing, meals, sleep) provide the frame for curriculum implementation. Parents should be involved to take appropriate decision about the children’s learning and development†. Introduction: Over the past few years, research in neuroscience and developmental psychology has create aRead MoreCompare Piaget and Vygotsky Essay1718 Words   |  7 PagesVygotsky Cognitive development is the term used to describe the construction of thought process, including remembering, problem solving and decision-making, from childhood through adolescence to adulthood. In this essay I will compare and contrast the theories of Piaget and Vygotsky, both of which were enormously significant contributors to the cognitive development component to/in psychology. In addition to this I will also weigh up the strengths and weaknesses of each theory and outline how theyRead MoreChildren Should Learn Through Experimentation921 Words   |  4 PagesPiagetian idea to leave the child experience, as they enable to search spontaneous and an educational practice where prime activity on the language, does not resemble reflections which handles Vygotsky. This aspect introduces us to another important divergence point between the two researchers: Language. For Piaget the language must be taken to court and accused of major damage, because the teachers use and abuse of the l anguage in education. While Vygotsky is of very importance, since it is the conduitRead MorePiaget Vs Vygotsky : Piaget And Vygotsky1314 Words   |  6 PagesJean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky are often considered the most influential cognitive development and learning psychologists of the 20th century. Their research efforts have inspired numerous interpretations and spawned new outlets of approaching developmental psychology. The following paragraphs will analyze the theories of Piaget of Vygotsky and discuss how their research can be used to advance the use of cognitive development in learning, both traditional and online. Summary Jean Piaget (1896-1980) theorizedRead MoreTheories Of Human Development1401 Words   |  6 PagesHuman development is an active process resulting from interactions between an individual and their environment. The processes involved in an individual’s development and overall life outcomes are complex, everchanging, and unique. Given the complexity of human development, the central tenets of my professional conceptual foundation of development include biological factors inherent in the individual, psychological influences, and social interactions. Thus, my professional perspective can best be

The Plague Essay Research Paper The novel free essay sample

The Plague Essay, Research Paper The novel that I chose to make this study on was, # 8220 ; The Plague # 8221 ; , by Albert Camus. It is about a pestilence that hit the European states in the in-between ages. I chose to depict the literary term of correspondence. Here are some undermentioned facts about the narrative # 8217 ; s secret plan that involve correspondence through the novel. The fresh Begins at Oran where the pestilence becomes known. The chief character, Dr. Gernard Rieux, is a physician. In the beginning of the narrative he finds a dead rat on the floor. Even in those times rats were non found dead on the center of the floor. This was unusual, but he threw out the rat and forgot about it. Finally the dead rats began to stack into big multitudes and burned. Soon after there were some people that got really ill, which made Mr. Rieux really funny. These studies of these ailments people and the decease of the rats were the beginning of the correspondence for this narrative. We will write a custom essay sample on The Plague Essay Research Paper The novel or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Since Bernard was a physician he was the foremost to really try to assist one of these ill people. Michael was his first patient in this affair. He was the sickest individual that the physician had of all time seen. Michael was pale white and vomited frequently, he hurt so much from the emesis that he seemed paralytic. Mr. Rieux tried to assist the adult male the best that he could, but he ended up deceasing. Michael was the first individual to decease of this unwellness. After his decease, many instances of this illn einsteinium were reported widespread. Again more inside informations of illness and decease, this is the correspondence for this novel. As the studies of illness and decease came to inform Dr. Rieux, he tried to soothe and bring around the plagued patients. About 90 per centum of the people infected had died. He wanted a halt to this pestilence. Quickly he linked the rats with the people. He knew that the rats began to acquire ill before the people did. At this clip many people had the pestilence, except for the Chinese visitants. They neer were infected. As the secret plan moves on decease, illness and the pestilence are still relevant. He studied their behaviours and mundane undertakings and learned that they do something that was neer frequently done in these in-between ages. Not many people in these yearss bathed. The physician began to detect that the people that bathed neer got ill. So he asked all of his, still populating patients, to take baths often. This proved to be the miracle remedy for the people. The physician asked his other fellow physicians to follow the same pattern with their patients. The word was spread and the pestilence was shortly wiped out. So as you can see, the literary term of correspondence was deemed really relevant through the on-going secret plan. Death, illness, and the pestilence epresented the narrative # 8217 ; s correspondence. Albert Camus made correspondence the chief literary term for this novel, given away by the rubric, # 8220 ; The Plague. # 8221 ;

Primal Fear Essays - Cinema Of The United States, Films, Neo-noir

Primal Fear The movie Primal Fear has a lot of recognizable stars that has had roles in major movies and television shows. Richard Gere (Martin Vail) and Edward Nort o n (Aaron Stampler) were the main two characters, Gere was the defendant lawyer for Norton in the movie . There was also Laura Linney (Janet Venable) who was the prosecutor and the beautiful Alfre Woodard (Shoat) who was the Judge. Some other stars were John Mahoney ( Shaughnessy) the states attorney in the movie who was corrupt and then there was Frances Mcdormand (Dr. Molly), she played as the psychologist in the film. I can't forget the mastermind behind the art Gregory Hoblit, this man did a great job constructing the visual to feed to the fans. The movie primal Fear was released in the greatest year of our time, 1996. The writer wrote a good story line for the movie. A defense lawyer Martin Vail who only cares about gaining money and fame from the cases he takes . His most recent case involves a young boy named Stampler that works in a church under the archbishop. The boy was blamed for the murder of the archbishop and now Martin Vail is the one who has taken on the job of proving he's innocent. Martin Vail ends up going against one of the lawyers that was under him at a point in time , Janet Venable, she was also his lover in the past too. The more you get into the movie you find out some dark secrets that the church had hidden. The writ er tells disturbing things about the history of the archbishop and multiple students in the school. He made them perform sexual actions on video. Stampler Vail realizes he got his self into something deeper than he expected. During one of the conversations between vail and Stampler, Stampler had switched personalities and snapped on Vail. To better help analyze Stampler, Vail brought in a psychiatrist named Molly to talk too Stampler to see exactly why he attacked Vail. Deeper in the movie Vail has to prove to the court that Stampler has an illness. The person who finally reveals Stamplers other side is the prosecutor Janet Venable. A psychological issue that I found in the movie is the fact that Stampler supposedly had Multiple Personality disorder. He would switch people in his mind when one of his persons in his head felt threatened. Another issue that was addressed in the movie is that Stampler was abused as a child. That can always cause a person to be mentally damaged in life as they grow older. In this movie the you would think the victim was only Stampler, but Vail and Molly both were victims too. These two became victims when they started helping Stampler, because the whole time they believed he really didn't commit the crime. Vail has gone multiple cases without having a personal feeling or thought for the people and their problem. He even brought in a good friend (Molly) to help him win the case. The people who committed the act against Vail and Molly was Stampler and his other person in his head . Luckily Stamplers had a break down in court. He changed the minds of the jury and the jud ge and convinced them that he had a disorder. Stampler beat the case by pleading insane, so instead of going to prison for life he has to get help with his mental disorder. Its various ways psychology wa s used in this movie. One of the ways psychology was used is when Vail used Vendale to make Stampler snap in court and expose his disorder. He made her believe that he was trying to come up with a plan to win the case. Knowing that she put pressure on Stampler as he was on the stand. Psychology was also used by Molly so she could get better information from Stampler. She asked plenty of questions so she could get a better understanding of what was inside Stamplers head and his thoughts. Near the end of the movie Stampler exposes himself to Vail. He shared that he was pretending to have the

Lemon Mobile Essays - , Term Papers, Research Papers

Lemon Mobile Megan Clarey CCI March 8, 2000 The Lemon Mobile Ever since I set eyes on my car, I have had nothing but a headache. Not only is it the loudest car, but it also drifts right into the trees, and it shakes at thirty and sixty m.p.h. Even with all of my car's faults, nothing prepared me for its final act of cruelty. My lemon died thirty minutes before warm-ups for our big game, and I had the starting line up with me. Laura, Allison, Kristen, Kierra, and I had all packed into my two-door death trap to get a snack at Dunkin Donoughts. Being the responsible upper classman, I made sure we left with ample time to get ready for the game. Unfortunately, there wasn't enough time in the world to help us with our disaster. We were stopped at a red light howling along to a Lenny Kravitz song, which I now hate, when Kristen nervously uttered,? Meg I think your car stopped running.? I confidently replied, ?Nah!? Well, to my surprise, when I stepped on the gas, we didn't go anywhere. All of a sudden, I began laughing hysterically and the rest of them chimed in, until, ?BEEP? the light had turned green! ?AAHH!? we shrieked. We finally realized that we were stuck in a useless hunk of metal at Toms River's busiest intersection. ?What are we gonna do I thought. At the time, shrieking and laughing were our best solutions. Finally, as people were going around us, giving us the finger and cursing at us, my four skinny mini passengers got out to push my 2000 lb. pile of tin. As they set out on their mission to rescue us from being stranded in a sea of road rage, all I could do was laugh. The time was twenty minutes until warm-ups and my mighty mouse teammates had managed to push my lemon into Amoco's parking lot. We had to hurry and this scrap heap running again. Laura yelled,? Maybe it needs anti-freeze!? So, she galloped away to the store and in two minutes she was back with a container of anti-freeze. After we poured the fluid into my car, we tried to start my car, ?Vroom Vroom!? ?Nothing! Shit!? I panicked. So, we decided to stare at the car a little longer hoping the car would tell us what it needed. There were only five minutes of stretching time left, and we were still stranded ten minutes away from school. ?We are so dead,? I thought to myself. As we stood there, Allison went to call for help. She came shuffling back, ? Well the good news is we have a ride the bad news is Mills is *censored*ing pissed.? ?Shit!? we uttered. I mean I could see why she would be a little upset because it was thirty minutes before our big game, and her starting line up was stranded at the Amoco station instead of being at the field for warm ups. It was thirty minutes before the game, we had missed warm ups and we were scared of what Mills was going to do to us, but wait, our chariot was there. ?Hooray!? we sang in harmony. Unfortunately, our chariot was a Jeep. A Jeep can hold two people comfortably three is all right, but six was not possible. If you have ever seen a clown car then you know how we fit into our mouse hole ride. In the front was the driver and two passengers, in the back was two people in the seats and one was lying across them. I was in the front with Kristen's rear end crushing my legs. Needless to say, it was the longest ten-minute ride I had ever been on. Not only was I into a small bucket seat but also at every bump in the road Kristin's bum was digging more and more into my leg. We finally arrived two minutes before crunch time. As we drove onto the field, we were greeted by boisterous cheering from our loyal fans ( I guess someone had told them). We staggered and fell out of our clown mobile, all red as stop signs, hurriedly entered the playing field. We did win the game, and I learned a valuable lesson from the whole experience. I learned that if you are going to go to get a snack before a big game, then go in a car that has fallen apart fewer than five times. English

Five Misspelled Idioms

Five Misspelled Idioms Five Misspelled Idioms Five Misspelled Idioms By Maeve Maddox Some idioms are confused in the speaking; others just in the spelling. The following idioms are usually pronounced correctly, but they are often misspelled in writing. 1. waiting with bated breath The word bated in this expression is often misspelled â€Å"baited.† For example, â€Å"Were waiting with baited breath  to hear if Rosie ODonnell is officially coming back to daytime screens.†    The word  bated is from a shortening of the verb  abate.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"To bate† means â€Å"to reduce, to lessen in intensity.† The expression â€Å"bated breath† is the only survival of the word in modern English. Read more here. 2. lo and behold People use this to mean something like â€Å"and then see what happened.† The idiom is frequently misspelled as â€Å"low and behold.† Lo is an old form of â€Å"look.† Read more here. 3. pore over Not to be confused with the noun pore (an opening in the skin), the verb pore means, â€Å"to study or examine carefully.† In expressions like â€Å"pore over a book† and â€Å"pore over my taxes,† the word is often misspelled as pour (to transfer liquid). Read more here. 4. toe the line This expression derives from the practice of lining up with one’s toe touching a line that has been drawn on the ground. Competitors line up to begin a race or some other competition. When everyone â€Å"toes the line† in this way, conformity has been achieved. In modern use, the expression occurs almost always in a political context with the meaning of â€Å"to conform to a political party’s platform.† It is often miswritten as â€Å"tow the line.† Read more here. 5. pique one’s interest/curiosity The French borrowing pique means â€Å"to stimulate.† The word is sometimes misspelled as peek and peak. Here are some examples, one of them from a site that offers marketing advice: â€Å"It was that statement that peeked my interest in acting,† says Loretta. Lingerie styles, construction, and cultures have always peeked my curiosity. Udemy has really  peaked my interest. Headlines That Will Have Peaked My Curiosity Read more here. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Great Opening Lines to Inspire the Start of Your StoryWriting the CenturyComma Before Too?

System Overview of Banks Global Market Business Term Paper

System Overview of Banks Global Market Business - Term Paper Example This research will begin with the statement that in the present scenario, the banking industry has changed in an immense manner owing to different factors that include technological innovation and international market competitions. Additionally, there are other factors that include increased disintermediation, corporate behavioral changes, and deregulation in relation to financial services. The banking crisis is also accountable for changes in banking operations as well as structures. The changes are adopted by global banks with the intention of ensuring that business operations are conducted in a stabilized manner. Subsequently, global banks are identified to develop alliances with domestic as well as foreign-owned banks in order to minimize risk exposure. Presently, global banks in response to the changing business scenario have adopted different measures which include enhanced quantity along with a quality of capital and risk coverage with the aim of ascertaining that the banking operations are conducted successfully. Moreover, global banks are identified to develop strict regime based on risk management and enhanced regulatory framework in order to manage bossiness operations for better sustainable growth. The global banking sector is developing in a rapid way. The banking sector is also identified to face critical challenges that include customer demand and increased operational costs among others. In this changing competitive business scenario, global banks are required to conduct their operations abiding by adequate financial regulations with the aim of performing business operations systematically. Correspondingly, the global market business of banks comprises different systems which include booking system, valuation system, sub-ledger system and general ledger system.

Older Vs Younger generations taste in Furniture - IKEA in Thailand Essay

Older Vs Younger generations taste in Furniture - IKEA in Thailand - Essay Example From the tabular illustration, one can easily discuss the comparative elements in terms of characteristics of both the older and younger generation; as well as the factors that influence their decision-making purchase for furniture. It can be deduced that people from the older generation are have predominantly conservative and traditional tastes due to the values handed down to them by their predecessors. Also, since their orientations come from traditional furniture styles, their options are limited making them narrow-minded and confined to select those furniture styles and pieces that they are familiar with. Trying new and innovative styles are out of the question and not a possible option for older generation. In contrast, younger generation are more open to try new things due to the exposure and orientation to different cultures and the extent of knowledge and information gained from diverse sources. Because of these, people from the younger generation are more flexible, innovative and are always embracing of new styles and options. As for the comparative details on factors affecting the older versus the younger generation, it is apparent that they are practically contrasting in terms of style, decoration and color, among others. However, they are similar when it comes to purchasing furniture depending on their capacity to pay or their income level. For example, whether they are old or young, the choice of furniture sometimes significantly depends on how much budget one has allotted to spend for the furniture. Other factors such as design, style and color are secondary. This is also true especially when buyers come from rural areas where people have limited income compared of people coming from urban areas (regardless of whether they are from older or younger generation). Another similarity is eminent in terms of

Family law coursework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Family law coursework - Essay Example By virtue of Section 12 of the Matrimonial Causes Act, Harold’s marriage is voidable and as such can be annulled. Section 12 (d) provides that a marriage is voidable if ‘†¦either party to the marriage did not validly consent to it, whether in consequence of duress, mistake, unsoundness of mind or otherwise2 Harold clearly did not exercise free will when he married Wendy. She threatened his livelihood by warning that she would tell Harold’s employers of his previous convictions for crimes of dishonesty. It is not unreasonable to assume that Harold married Wendy as a means of silencing Wendy and holding onto his job. What amounts to duress is not always clear. Early on, Butt J determined that a series of incidents perpetuated by the husband against the wife was capable of amounting to duress. In this particular case the husband somehow managed to trick the wife into assuming his debts, then refused to help her discharge them unless she agreed to marry him. Once he finally got her before the appropriate Justice of the Peace, he once again threatened to shoot her if she did not go through with the marriage. Butt J allowed the decree of nullity on the grounds that the wife had not honestly consented to the matrimonial union.3 Duress is not always founded on extreme application of pressure as witnessed in the case above. The facts of Buckland v Buckland are rather similar to Harold’s case. In Buckland’s case, a man developed a platonic relationship with a minor and was charged with corrupting a minor. His solicitor advised him that should he marry the minor, he could avoid facing a term of imprisonment. The man married the minor and subsequently petitioned the courts for a decree of nullity. Lord Scarman held that since the man reasonably feared going to prison his consent was not genuine.4 Some authority exist for the construction of duress to be aligned with an actual threat to

Understanding The Ethical Organization Management Models Commerce Essay

Understanding The Ethical Organization Management Models Commerce Essay This report mainly focuses on developing an ethical approach to manage organizations. This essay critically identifies and evaluate about ethics and how ethics helps an organization to take good decisions. This report is prepared by referring to various journals, management books, websites and relevant current articles. Ethics is very important for an organization. This essay will give an idea about what is ethics? And what is unethical? Ethics helps to identify an organization by differentiating from each other. This report mainly relies on discussing about theories, models and paradigms and more concentrating on radical humanist paradigm. The purpose of this assignment is to provide base for understanding ethical decision making in an organization and providing one real world example managing organization ethically and three real world examples for the organizations disaster by managing the organization unethically. In this report we critically analysis on business ethical decision making by an individual or group of working people in the organization. Our report focus on individual moral, honesty, frankness and fairness while taking business decision in an organization. Our approach would be by understanding the organizational values and working people ethical training program is necessary for preventing them from engraining any unethical conduct. Ethics Ethics in an organization means the business conduct of that organization to run the business more effectively and efficiently. In an organization people are working together with different values and motives. Managing the business ethics of an organization more effectively needs to setup common norms and standard and also it need to be communicated and enforced among the working people. Ethical principle provides the base for modern business concept in an organization. The leadership of the organization and the ethical decision-making are the basic for an ethical organization. Ethical values and principles of an organization guide the working people and corporate from the common business motive of profit and shareholders enhancement. The modern ethical organization follows corporate social responsibility, fair trade, sustainability, globalization taking into consideration ifs negative effects. Ethical organization management model The modern ethical management of an organization in the 21st century illustrate by four Ps as explain as follows for the success for any modern business ventures. (Refer appendix 3) Traditionally the organization main aim is to make profit and methods for achieving it. The modern organization performance, activities and standards are exposed globally and the lenders of the organization are accountable globally. Purpose of the organization Purpose of the organization is to making fair profit for the shareholders and in case of public service delivery of cost effective service. Personality of a good ethical organization has to consider people needs and mindset with proper consideration given to the world it operates. People to whom the organization operate People comprise the organization staffs, customers, suppliers, local communities, stakeholders who has interest in the organization. Planet where the organization operate Organization should give due consideration for environment, neural recourses, fair-trade and sustainability. Principles of the organization Principle of the organization comprises honesty, truth, and integrity. Principles of the organization has to be matched with other conflicting aims in between purpose of the organization, people to whom it operates and the planet where the organization operate in order to have sustainable organization success. Need to manage the organization ethically In the modern environment organization ethics should be actively manage and it is necessary to understand the main ethical value through an organization ethic program. There are five components in organization management ethic program. Commitment -Leaders and senior management should have commitment to the program. Assessment -There should be active assessment of organization ethical value and effectiveness. Codify -Develop a code of ethics and communicate with each other, Formalize -Formulate ethical structures and systems, ethics training and ethics communication Integrate -Build an ethical culture and conduct in the organization. Need to develop ethical leadership in an organization In the modern world ethics and values are in front of executives, managers and leaders who spend much of their time for developing organizational culture. The leadership of the organization should take responsibility and carryout the business in accordance to the management ethics program. The ethical leadership should take steps the senior management and executives including board of directors to follow and respect organization values. Carryout organization ethics program to achieve ethic program goals. Appointing senior person to coordinate the program and determine the ethics function which needs initiative. Unethical policies, activities and behaviors in an organization The following organization activities are not necessarily unlawful which are commonly considered as unethical. Dishonesty, manipulating the facts and hiding information. Manipulating and misleading advertisement, positioning and communications Exploiting peoples feeling. Fooling and taking advantage of people weakness Greed and making excessive profit Anything harming or endangering people Breaking trust of the organization Not accepting the blame and paying lot of amounts for the wrong doing Preventing to notify people any significant changes Lack of transparency Harming environment or earth Preventable waste or excessive consumption Raiding anyones privacy Misusing authority, power and reputation. More preference giving in appointing family members Preferential treatment or decision-making based on secret motive or deals Unfriendliness association with people or group of people Conflict of interest, disloyalty of trust and breach of confidentiality information Neglecting the duty of care of an organization Fail to prevent wrong report within his authority Unfairness and unkindness Marketing ethic issues and stakeholders The organization activities are affected directly or indirectly by the internal and external stakeholders. Internal stakeholders are includes board of directors, managers, employees, and other functional departments. External stakeholders include consumers, other interest groups, competitors, advertising agencies and regulatory bodies. (Miller and Lewis, 1991). Stakeholders ethical values are subject to various business issues such as sales practices, consumers privileges, environmental and product safety, disclosure of information about the products. (Maignan and Ferrell 2004) Various stakeholders are possibly exercise pressure on organization to achieve their individual ethical values and norms.(Annexure 1) Hence the organization values and norms are affected by specially by primary stakeholders since they are in good position to influence the organization ethical values. Paradigm. In the modern business environment strategy-setting in the business organization is vital for its survival. The organization should consider crucial roll in the organization by setting ethical strategy. The organization has to take into note whether the organization is doing the right thing. In order implement ethical strategy for an organization we should bring different paradigm into the risk debate. Functionalist paradigm This paradigm has been the primary one for organizational studies. This approach is mainly rely on human affairs and believes by hypothesis testing. It deeply rooted in sociological factors. Through Functionalist paradigm can understand and measure via science. It is influence by idealist and Marxist and assumes there are external rules and regulations to secure the external world. (Ardalan, 2003,p.202) This functionalist paradigm basically explain about classical management theory, sysytem theory and contigency theory.it makes assumption how organisation is always in control mange people in a proper way.(morgan,2006:morgan,1980) Radical Humanism a crucial approach for a ethical organization This approach has been emerged from the radical humanist paradigm (Morgan 1995,Burrell 2000) This approach argues dehumanization of the employee and the workplace. Individuals generally seen as machines and work as a technical process (Robbins and Barnwell 2006 pp 21-22) In the humanist approach that focus on placing human first rather than the organization. The basic assumptions of this paradigm are according to Morgan (1995), †¢ Ideological traps: Tunnel vision is based on our previous experience becoming the blueprint for interpreting our current experience (we often let myths and our past experience becomes our reality). We are unable to interpret reality without prejudice. †¢ Power dimension: The right to define reality or the right of some to have power over others overt use of power. Power is also used in a subtle or covert way (soft domination) and its use and abuse is often unquestioned. Eg. How is power distributed in organisations? We discuss empowerment and participation but we rarely see this happening in organisations. †¢ Ethical dimension: Organisations need to act in an ethical manner. How do the actions of managers and organisations impact on employees and society? †¢ People first Work is the problem Organizational ethical decision making In organization marketing ethical activities we should understand how people make ethical decisions. (Refer appendix 3) explains how the ethical decisions are taken in the normal organizational environment. The outcome of the decisions is evaluated by the internal and external stakeholders. The roll of the individual and values has the great impact on any business decision making. Determining ethical decision is the primary factor in an organization (Ferrell 2005) Ethical decision making Ryanair The current CEO Mr.Michael OLeary took the ethical business decision to operate the Ryanair airline as budget airline business model in the European market. It was very success taking such decision in the past and now most successful airline in the European market and most of the airline travelers prefer to travel by Ryanair. The following are the benefit by taking such decision Low cost-low frills concept 94% of the booking through Internet reduced operating cost All Boeing 737-800 aircraft reduce training and maintenance cost Environmentally friendly Boeing 737-800 aircraft Customer satisfaction Low cost and high service performance Unethical decision making Enron, Daewoo, Toyota Many cooperate failures over the past decade are due to fraud and financial manipulation. Enron: The Enron disaster is exhalent example for organizational unethical decision making. On May 25, 2006 US Huston jury found guilty the Enron CEO Mr Ken Lay and Mr Jeff Skilling for hiding financial status of the organization in 2000 and 2001 The group executives manipulate their earnings by illegal inside trading went on to liquidation. Due to the organization failure many investors lost their money and many employees lost their job. The group failed due to unethical and illegal business decision. Daewoo: Kim Woo Choong founder of Daewoo Group found guilty and convicted 10 years in prison and forfeited US $ 22 billion. after the business failure in South Korea. The group has grown with debt-funded acquisitions. The Asian financial crisis exposed the group weakness and the total group went into bankruptcy in 1999. The following are some of the points for the failure of the organization by operating unethically. Dishonesty and manipulating the facts and hiding information. Manipulating and misleading the investors Breaking the trust of the organization Lack of transparency Misusing the authority and power Neglecting duty of care of the organization Unfairness towards investors and employees Fail to prevent wrong report within his authority The ethical problem to operate the business organization is not only due to financial misinterpretation and manipulation. Toyotas recent troubles have been an example of a companys failure to understand the ethics of the customer relationship. Turning a blind eye to ethical consideration can undermine the wider economy and in time, cause irreparable damage. Toyota: The organization recall millions of vetches sold to customers with suspected defects as on the specific engineering problem on the breaking systems. The following are the some of the examples that the organizations ethical responsibility failure. Breaking the trust of the organization Neglecting duty of care of the organization Anything harming or endangering customers Unfairness towards customers and investors . Conclusion In modern organization ethics play a major role in taking effective decision making. Because for the success of an organization mainly rely on ethics. This report mainly focuses on theories, models and paradigms which helped to a proper decision in an organization. In this report I explained about functionalist paradigm and radical humanist paradigm. Functionalist focus only on organizational behavior through hypothesis testing but radical humanist paradigm explained about the current approach of an organization and their impact on society. According to paradigms which are not an easy task it heavily teaches about ethics to the people. In this report I explained about ethical approach and how it controls in making an effective decision making in an organization and describing about what are the unethical approaches which rely on taking ineffective decision making. At last, to conclude my report, I would say organizations have started to focus on ethics. However, they did not lose the focus on organizational structure. Also there are many differences between paradigms in managing ethics.

Heat and Dust Essay

The era of the Victorian women spanned 64 years and concluded several changes in attitudes. The common thinking about women in the Victorian era was that a woman? s position was limited to domestic work and the care for her children. The stereotype of the distribution of roles was women staying by the hearth with their needles whilst men wielded their swords. Women had to bear a large family and to maintain a smooth family atmosphere whereby men did not need to bother himself about domestic matters. A gentlewoman ensured that the home was a place of comfort for her husband and family from the stresses of Industrial Britain. Victorian dresses show typical excessive style elements such as V-waists, layering of trims and bell sleeves. The Victorian head of household dressed his woman to show off family wealth. Additionally, there were great differences between members of society by the end of the Queen Victoria? s reign but the most instantly apparent difference was through the garments worn. Not only the dress code symbolized the status of a Victorian woman but also the circumstances she lived in. A wealthy wife was supposed to spend her time reading, sewing, receiving guests, going visiting, letter writing, seeing to the servants and dressing for the part as her husband’s social representative. In contrast, for the very poor of Britain society it was common to wear fifth hand clothes and to eat the pickings left over in a rich household. Whether married or single all Victorian women were expected to be weak and helpless so that they looked like â€Å"fragile delicate flowers incapable of making decisions†. Besides, if a woman took a lover it was not made public because if that became the case she would be cut by society. Instead, men could amble along to one of their gentlemen? s clubs and always find a â€Å"warm welcome†. Relationships in 1887 were quite artificial. A married woman could not own property and became a chattel of the man. A divorced woman had indeed no chance of acceptance in society again. At the end of Victorian times things changed and many women adopted the tailor made garment that showed their more serious concern to be recognized as thinking beings with much to offer society beyond being a social asset for a husband. New inventions such as sewing machine or railway and the capability to use those led to new thinking and women of all classes felt the dynamic atmosphere of change as much as men. Many women joined the Fabian Society, a group of non revolutionary thinking socialists and others sought reform for more practical dress, better education, the right to take up paid work and better employment prospects.

Majorca – Geography

Majorca – A Holiday DICKS Paradise? Map of Majorca Majorca in the Mediterranean Majorca is the largest of the 4 main Balearic Islands, located in the Mediterranean Sea, off the east coast of Spain. It is a highly popular holiday destination in the world, especially to Western European countries. Majorca’s capital city is Palma de Mallorca. Main Attractions for Tourists at Majorca North Majorca – * Serra de Tramuntana – large mountain range * Cap de Formentor – Northernmost cap of Majorca Valldemossa – Famous village related to composer, Chopin * Port de Soller – Village, port North Majorca is more scenic-tourism based compared to South Majorca, and features more natural attractions than artificial ones. Unlike South Majorca’s westernisation, North Majorca contains intact traditional culture. Much tourism in the north resides around beaches and the natural environment. South Majorca – * Cuevas de Drach – subterranea n cave * Es Trenc Beach – a beach.South Majorca is generally more westernised, Americanised, and tourist abundant. Resorts are designed to be extravagant and luxurious. Attractions are mostly man-made venues, such as casinos, night clubs, cruises, brothels, etc. That is not to say South Majorca lacks natural attractions; its beaches and landscape are just less visited. General – * Palma de Mallorca – Majorca’s capital city * Santa Maria Cathedral – Massive Gothic cathedral in Palma * Binissalem – specifically its wine * Prostitution – think what you will.Advantages/Disadvantages of Tourism Advantages – * Improved economy and wealth, which leads to†¦ * Improved infrastructure, which in turn†¦ * Improves local living conditions * Improves tourist conditions, welfare, accommodation, etc. * Rejuvenation/maintenance of historical and cultural interests * Sustainable tourism is emphasised and promoted * Employment created * Jobs and pay for locals Disadvantages – * Gradual disintegration of native ethnic culture to cater for tourists * Locals all generally speak fluent English Destruction of natural landscape * 25 tons of sand are removed from beaches by tourists with sticky bodies annually * Littering and pollution by the typically ignorant millionaire American tourist and his V8 truck(s) or the British drunk and his cardboard box * This kills the native flora/fauna of the island * Property Inflation * Locals are replaced in their houses by overseas aristocrats * Artificial Drought * Increased consumption of water by tourists, i. e. pools, cleaning, drinking, etc. combined with few days of rain equates to a growing lack of water* Majorca becomes over reliant on the tourism industry * Tourism sector makes up 95% of its economy Conclusion Is Majorca a holiday paradise or not? Google and its mechanics define paradise as: ‘†¦a place in which existence is harmonious; where there is only peace, prosperity, and happiness. ’ The definition for ‘holiday paradise’ would therefore be along the lines of†¦. ‘†¦a holiday ecosystem where the tourism infrastructure system is harmonious, prosperous, and provides happiness to the tourist. Note that the concept of a ‘holiday paradise’ comes from a tourists view (locals don’t have a holiday on the spot where they live, and the environment doesn’t have holidays). We can deduce from the definition of a ‘holiday paradise’ that Majorca is indeed a holiday paradise. Majorca does offer a tourism infrastructure that is harmonious, and prosperous whilst providing happiness to the tourist. Majorca’s tourist catering is at a sublime level, with a massive amount of services destined to be harmonious with a tourists needs.Majorca’s tourism industry is also extremely prosperous, making up 95% of its economy and providing plenty of healthy economic stimul ation for the locals. Most importantly of all, the tourist is happy in Majorca, which is why so many tourists go there in the first place. Majorca’s abundance of fascinating tourist attractions, such as its culture, beaches, caves, natural landscape, historic villages, night clubs, casinos, marinas, restaurants, brothels, as well as its compliance with the definition of a ‘holiday paradise’, proves that Majorca is without doubt a tourist’s holiday paradise.References http://www. mallorca-info. co. uk/where-to-stay-mallorca. html, Where to stay in Mallorca, (30/7/12– 5/8/12) http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Balearic_Islands, Balearic Islands (26/7/12– 5/8/12) http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Majorca, Majorca (26/7/12– 5/8/12) http://www. tripadvisor. co. uk/Attractions-g187462-Activities-Majorca_Balearic_Islands. html, Things to do in Majorca (1/8/12– 5/8/12) http://etravel. org/places/europe/spain/top-five-places-to-visit-in-mallorc a/, Top 5 places to Visit in Mallorca (31/7/12– 5/8/12) ttp://www. seemallorca. com/mallorca/guide. html, Introduction to Majorca (27/7/12– 5/8/12) http://www. akademifantasia. org/europe/top-5-natural-attractions-in-majorca/, Top 5 Natural Attractions in Majorca (2/8/12– 5/8/12) http://wikitravel. org/en/Mallorca, Mallorca (26/7/12– 5/8/12) http://www. majorca-mallorca. co. uk/, Welcome to Majorca (27/7/12– 5/8/12) http://www. geographypages. co. uk/major. htm, Majorca tourism Project(26/7/12– 5/8/12)

Free Essays on Consumer Price Index

The Consumer Price Index, which is issued by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, is compiled to measure the movement of prices on goods and services purchased by consumers in the whole country. It is based on prices of the following:  § FOOD AND BEVERAGES (breakfast cereal, milk, coffee, chicken, wine,  § full service meals and snacks);  §  § HOUSING (rent of primary residence, owners' equivalent rent, fuel oil,  § bedroom furniture);  §  § APPAREL (men's shirts and sweaters, women's dresses, jewelry);  §  § TRANSPORTATION (new vehicles, airline fares, gasoline, motor vehicle  § insurance);  §  § MEDICAL CARE (prescription drugs and medical supplies, physicians'  § services, eyeglasses and eye care, hospital services);  §  § RECREATION (televisions, cable television, pets and pet products,  § sports equipment, admissions);  §  § EDUCATION AND COMMUNICATION (college tuition, postage,  § telephone services, computer software and accessories);  §  § OTHER GOODS AND SERVICES (tobacco and smoking products,  § haircuts and other personal services, funeral expenses). It is also based on service fees and excise taxes, however, it excludes income tax and investment items. Prices are collected from eighty-seven urban areas across the country from approximately 50,000 landlords and tenants and 23,000 stores, hospitals, and other service establishments. The actual index number results from the comparison of current costs of goods and services to the cost of the same items from the thirty-six month base period between 1982-1984. Two indexes are derived monthly from these spending patterns: CPI-U and CPI-W. The CPI-U, introduced in 1978, is based upon all residents of urban areas, which make up eighty-seven percent of the population. The CPI-W is based upon all clerical and wage workers and one household member who has worked at least thirty-seven weeks in the past twelve m... Free Essays on Consumer Price Index Free Essays on Consumer Price Index The Consumer Price Index, which is issued by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, is compiled to measure the movement of prices on goods and services purchased by consumers in the whole country. It is based on prices of the following:  § FOOD AND BEVERAGES (breakfast cereal, milk, coffee, chicken, wine,  § full service meals and snacks);  §  § HOUSING (rent of primary residence, owners' equivalent rent, fuel oil,  § bedroom furniture);  §  § APPAREL (men's shirts and sweaters, women's dresses, jewelry);  §  § TRANSPORTATION (new vehicles, airline fares, gasoline, motor vehicle  § insurance);  §  § MEDICAL CARE (prescription drugs and medical supplies, physicians'  § services, eyeglasses and eye care, hospital services);  §  § RECREATION (televisions, cable television, pets and pet products,  § sports equipment, admissions);  §  § EDUCATION AND COMMUNICATION (college tuition, postage,  § telephone services, computer software and accessories);  §  § OTHER GOODS AND SERVICES (tobacco and smoking products,  § haircuts and other personal services, funeral expenses). It is also based on service fees and excise taxes, however, it excludes income tax and investment items. Prices are collected from eighty-seven urban areas across the country from approximately 50,000 landlords and tenants and 23,000 stores, hospitals, and other service establishments. The actual index number results from the comparison of current costs of goods and services to the cost of the same items from the thirty-six month base period between 1982-1984. Two indexes are derived monthly from these spending patterns: CPI-U and CPI-W. The CPI-U, introduced in 1978, is based upon all residents of urban areas, which make up eighty-seven percent of the population. The CPI-W is based upon all clerical and wage workers and one household member who has worked at least thirty-seven weeks in the past twelve m...

Free Essays on The Odd Sea

In The Odd Sea, Fredrick Reiken suggests that in one’s home one is able to stay in a state of innocence. In the novel, the narrator and main character, Philip, searches to find his older brother Ethan who has disappeared. During Philip’s search for Ethan, the family tries coping with the loss. In an effort to cope with Ethan’s disappearance, Philip’s mother begins to spend her nights baking and reading novels in the kitchen. Philip describes his mother as being â€Å"withdrawn and basically unresponsive† (53). Philip’s father had begun building timber-frame cabins as his own way of coping with Ethan’s disappearance. Philip’s oldest sister Amy had become distant from the family while working as a paralegal and waiting on several law school applications. Halley, Philip’s other sister, began helping her father build timber-frame cabins and seemed to be dealing with Ethan’s disappearance fine. Philip’s youngest sister Dana, obsessively shot free throws as her own way to cope with Ethan’s disappearance. Philip began to write in a journal similar to how his brother had written in a journal. Writing became Philip’s way of coping with his brother’s disappearance. In the novel Plainfield is where Philip’s innocence and his experiences lie and he is able to stay in a state of innocence in Plainfield. Philip’s timber-frame cabin is a symbol of his innocence and also symbolizes Philip’s relationship with his brother Ethan.... Free Essays on The Odd Sea Free Essays on The Odd Sea In The Odd Sea, Fredrick Reiken suggests that in one’s home one is able to stay in a state of innocence. In the novel, the narrator and main character, Philip, searches to find his older brother Ethan who has disappeared. During Philip’s search for Ethan, the family tries coping with the loss. In an effort to cope with Ethan’s disappearance, Philip’s mother begins to spend her nights baking and reading novels in the kitchen. Philip describes his mother as being â€Å"withdrawn and basically unresponsive† (53). Philip’s father had begun building timber-frame cabins as his own way of coping with Ethan’s disappearance. Philip’s oldest sister Amy had become distant from the family while working as a paralegal and waiting on several law school applications. Halley, Philip’s other sister, began helping her father build timber-frame cabins and seemed to be dealing with Ethan’s disappearance fine. Philip’s youngest sister Dana, obsessively shot free throws as her own way to cope with Ethan’s disappearance. Philip began to write in a journal similar to how his brother had written in a journal. Writing became Philip’s way of coping with his brother’s disappearance. In the novel Plainfield is where Philip’s innocence and his experiences lie and he is able to stay in a state of innocence in Plainfield. Philip’s timber-frame cabin is a symbol of his innocence and also symbolizes Philip’s relationship with his brother Ethan....

Marketing paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Marketing paper - Essay Example New product development under the brand name Apple, takes creativity, innovation and technology as the design forces and variables that are accounted for in developing new products. Creativity encompasses ensuring that the product being developed will capture the market’s interest. In this pursuit, the product features that lacks in the already available products should be critically considered. This is tailored towards revolutionizing the market setting in terms of consumer expectations. Innovation and technological advancement is the product design that stands out relative to what other firms are offering. Innovation treats all aspects of product production, meaning that the factors of production are all effectively combined in a way that outperforms substitute products in the market. In other words, innovation is a critical component of new product development. Technological advancement is similarly an ongoing process. Keeping at par with technological progress makes it essential that new products be integrated into technological pursuits. When creativity, innovation and technological progress are combined into the development of a new product (Grant 247), the resultant product is highly likely to take the market at a storm prior to favorable pricing and improved product

The Basic Islamic Message of One God Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Basic Islamic Message of One God - Assignment Example Muslims regard the prophets who preceded Muhammad as Allah’s messengers. However, Muslims believe that all the prophets who preceded Muhammad are lower than Muhammad himself, for Muhammad brought a fuller and clearer message of Allah. Nevertheless, faith in Allah’s prophets is important as it is in the pillars and articles of Islam. Muslims are categorical that Allah sent his prophets to every nation and that these prophets appeared and preached all over the world. Because of this, it is an effort in futility, trying to make a full list of the names of all the prophets. Muslims have to believe in all the prophets nevertheless without distinction and discrimination, just as it is written in Quran 2:136, 285 and 384 that Allah makes no distinction among the prophets. According to Muslims, the prophets who preceded Islam helped strengthen the basic Islamic message of the oneness of Allah by preaching and teaching this message. Specifically, all the prophets spoke of Allah as an all-knowing and all-powerful being who alone was worthy of devotion and worship. The prophets made it clear that the belief in, devotion and worship of Allah is what characterized true religion. The prophets also taught of the consequences that would follow anyone who does not believe in the oneness of Allah. Indeed, the Queen teaches that Islam faithfully proceeded from prophets such as Noah Moses and Isa (Quran 42:13). In this light, it is held that scriptures given by the pre-Muhammadan prophets are genuine and sacred, as can be seen in Quran 29:46.  

Case Analysis (Global Management) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Case Analysis (Global Management) - Essay Example Instead of attempting to over-reach the company’s total capacity, seeking opportunities to maximize its current market position would be the most appropriate. Why is this? Chabros established a competitive pricing model that was aligned with an acceptable operating margin. Coupled with this competitive advantage, Chabros also maintained a quality-focused customer relationship management process that included flexible payment terms and no requests for letters of credit. This was a sustainable strategy until the global economic recession in 2009 which radically reduced sales in certain subsidiaries. As a proven business model of CRM and the ability to establish very competitive pricing in key markets, the business would only require adjustment of its current sales and marketing strategy to achieve the desired improvements in revenues. With the business always being at risk of changing currency values, market demand, and recessionary concerns, improving capacity would add more expenditures to the operating budget that would not, likely, offset gains by simply improving output capacity for its high revenue-producing production facilities. The most appropriate strategy for Chabros is to pursue a market penetration strategy to achieve its desired results. By maximizing capacity, increases in salaries and other associated labor would be highly detrimental to achieving market success. Chabros was considering entering the Moroccan market as a means of expanding its market presence, however there are factors that could seriously impede progress in finding rapid sales success there. Firstly, tariffs are extremely high on both products, especially veneer, which would have to translate into higher pricing in order to offset these new costs. Add to this a value-added tax rate of 14 percent, it is not likely that the same competitive advantages as related to pricing would work in this market when having to incur all of these

Internet Browser Essay Example for Free

Internet Browser Essay Despite the fact that Internet Explorer 5. 5 is one of the most popular in companies, I’d like to recommend another one – Maxthon Browser 2. 0, because it is much more convenient for office working. Maxthon Internet Browser 2. 0 is a powerful tabbed browser nowadays. Its main advantage is a highly customizable interface. Although Maxthon Browser is based on the engine of Internet Explorer, it has many additional efficient features. What works in Internet Explorer works as well in Maxthon Browser and even better and faster. (Maxthon). Maxthon Browser includes many new features involving full customization of layout, new clean interface, multi-tab workspace, better security and improved rss/podcast reader. Until nowadays a big inconvenient was: bookmarklet, toolbar and 3rd party plugins. Maxthon 2. 0 supports all of the functions compared with Internet Explorer, Opera, etc. Additionally Maxthon has few exclusive screenshots below. Nevertheless the most interesting feature of new Maxthon is its possibility to create an account and to store all necessary information and settings online. The function is simply used just by logging in. Although Opera, Internet Explorer and FireFox are more sophisticated and have got more market share, Maxthon is swiftly gaining popularity. (Maxthon) Today is the era of Internet and application functionality is able to expand beyond the operating system into the desktops and the web. Personalization and delivery is very important and Maxthon Browser with its organic growth is a serious representative of such trend. In several years Maxthon will become a key player in the Internet market, because it has serious investors such as Morten Lund, CRV, and WI Harper, growing community and actually beautiful product. I recommend Maxthon, because it differs from other browsers and makes working process with Internet easier as it includes the visible gestures and customizable Tab handling. But the most useful is if the browser is closed accidentally with ten tabs open, the next time it is opened, they are still there. (Maxthon). References â€Å"Maxthon: the Browser that Rocks†. (2006, February 28) Retried September, from http://www. techcrunch. com.

Slavery and the Caribbean :: Slavery Essays

Slavery and the Caribbean Europeans came into contact with the Caribbean after Columbus's momentous journeys in 1492, 1496 and 1498. The desire for expansion and trade led to the settlement of the colonies. The indigenous peoples, according to our sources mostly peaceful Tainos and warlike Caribs, proved to be unsuitable for slave labour in the newly formed plantations, and they were quickly and brutally decimated. The descendants of this once thriving community can now only be found in Guiana and Trinidad. The slave trade which had already begun on the West Coast of Africa provided the needed labour, and a period from 1496 (Columbus's second voyage) to 1838 saw Africans flogged and tortured in an effort to assimilate them into the plantation economy. Slave labour supplied the most coveted and important items in Atlantic and European commerce: the sugar, coffee, cotton and cacao of the Caribbean; the tobacco, rice and indigo of North America; the gold and sugar of Portuguese and Spanish South America. These commodities comprised about a third of the value of European commerce, a figure inflated by regulations that obliged colonial products to be brought to the metropolis prior to their re-export to other destinations. Atlantic navigation and European settlement of the New World made the Americas Europe's most convenient and practical source of tropical and sub-tropical produce. The rate of growth of Atlantic trade in the eighteenth century had outstripped all other branches of European commerce and created fabulous fortunes. An estimate of the slave population in the British Caribbean in Robin Blackburn's study, The Overthrow of Colonial Slavery: 1776-1848, puts the slave numbers at 428,000 out of a population of 500,000, so the number of slaves vastly exceeded the number of white owners and overseers. Absentee plantation owners added to the unrest. Rebellion was common, with the forms including self mutilation, suicide and infanticide as well as escape and maroonage (whereby the slaves escaped into the hills and wooded interiors of the islands and set up potentially threatening communities of their own. See references in Wide Sargasso Sea). Jamaica holds the record for slave revolts, with serious uprisings in 1655, 1673, 1760 and continued disquiet after that. The documentation of revolts in Trinidad is less complete, but we know of at least one serious plot in 1805. Guiana was actually governed by a slave named Cuffy for a year after the revolt in 1763, and Barbados also had numerous plots, including s ix between 1649 and 1701.

Little Women and Treasure Island: Fatherhood Essay

When discussing fatherhood in relation to both novels, we see that in both, the father is either primarily absent or irrelevant to the plot. The element of fatherhood comes from the characters designed to replace or substitute the absent or lost fathers. Treasure Island finds two figures available for Jim to form a paternal relationship, and the moral juxtaposition they present has as much to do with Jim growing into a moral man, as it does him choosing a path to survival. In Little Women fatherhood is represented by many different views of masculinity including Jo’s attempt to fill her absent father’s shoes. The differences and similarities between the two books determine what the role of the father figure was at the time of publication and whether the concept of fatherhood was relatively important to the novels in question. Alcott wrote her novel at the request of her publisher and for a particular market, this to a great extent; is responsible for her interpretation of the male and female characters and the nineteenth century attitudes towards femininity and masculinity. In producing a book aimed specifically at children and more specifically girls, Alcott was under pressure to produce a familial image that would sell. In part two of Little Women any of the feministic qualities which Jo exhibited have been abandoned to conform to popularity, â€Å"she altered her values in deference to the opinions of others† (Fetterley, 2009. p.30) again in keeping with the attitudes of the public Alcott’s girls grew ‘agreeable’ to the men around them and learned â€Å"to put a man in the centre of her picture.† (Fetterley, 2009. p.21) For Jo this is instead of, being the man in the picture. She binds them to men who represent a father towards them both in experience and age. Each Mar ch girl except Beth marries a man who is above her own level of intellect and older, as Fetterly puts it; â€Å"they must marry their fathers, not their brothers or sons. Thus Laurie gets Amy, who is a fitting child for him, and Jo gets her Papa Bhaer†( Fetterley, 2009 p. 29) the term Fetterly uses to describe professor Bhaer, is in fact the role he is expected to fulfil, as each girl chooses her husband they are; as such being handed over by one father figure to another. The role of the father is closely looked at following Megs marriage to John Brooke, a struggling Meg confides in her mother that she is finding her situation difficult, she is preached to by her mother â€Å" the model little woman† (Fetterley, 2009 p.20) referred to as â€Å"my docile daughter† (Alcott, 1998 p.377) and encouraged not to forget her duty to her husband, and also to place the harder elements of motherhood into her husband’s hands. Alcott conforms to the opinion that â€Å"women’s work is not real work† (Fetterley, 2009 p.23) and therefore â€Å"the children throve under the paternal rule, for accurate steadfast John brought ord er and obedience into babydom.†(Alcott, 1998 p.383) this implies the role of the father is just as important as the mothers if not more so by hinting that mothers need guidance from their husbands in order to bring up their children, looking to their male wisdom as they would do their own fathers. This depiction of masculinity also helps us to understand Jo’s reluctance to conform to the general consensus of what a ‘little woman’ should be. She sees herself as â€Å"man of the family† (Alcott, 1998 p.9) and adopts certain masculine traits to position herself within the fatherly role during her father’s absence. Jo adopts these traits with determination to be seen as masculine hence her desire to go to war â€Å"I cant get over my disappointment in not being a boy, and its worse then ever now, for I’m dying to go to and fight with papa† (Alcott, 1998 p.7) and to be judged an active and breadwinning individual. Jo in this way shows us the desired qualities a father should possess and by portraying her absent father in a proactive way, that he is an accurate representative of the masculinity and moral conduct valued by society at this period. Alcott’s decision to produce the sequel to Little Women greatly establishes the role fatherhood plays in her story, whilst Mr March is away, Jo is fulfilling her own prophecy of being â€Å"the man of the family†(Alcott, 1998 p.9) and upon his return is free to live her life as a ‘little woman’, the significance of Beth’s death means Jo’s desire to be a man is also over, and she strives to imitate her departed sister by neglecting the proactive and masculine personality she assumed in order to cope with being head of a household. In contrast to Alcott’s desire to be successful financially, Stevenson’s own efforts concerning Treasure Island were of a more innovative intent, to create a novel which not only featured a romantic story but served merely to entertain and inspire without an element of educating. Stevenson aspires to a more unconventional style of appealing to young boys, without moral preaching or the inclusion of religious implication; which Alcott endeavours to do with her inclusion of Bunyan’s Pilgrims Progress and her references to God, the most fatherly figure of all. â€Å"If you learn to feel the strength and tenderness of your Heavenly Father as you do that of your earthly one. The more you love and trust Him, the nearer you will feel to Him† (Alcott, 1998 p.80) The fatherly characters are produced by two authors who had interesting relationships with their own fathers and who subsequently introduce their own opinions to the role of a father figure during this period. Mr March is portrayed as being central to the families success despite him being absent for the majority of the plot, â€Å"to outsiders, the five energetic women seemed to rule the house, and so they did in many things but the quiet man sitting among his books was still head of the family.†(Alcott, 1998 p.229) She goes on to say of Mr March that in troublesome times the girls always turned to him, â€Å"finding him, in the truest sense of those sacred words, husband and father.† (Alcott, 1998 p.230) This lengthy eulogy Alcott lavishes upon Mr March (Alcott, 1998 p. 229-230) could be seen as a focalisation from the March daughter’s point of view, however it is more likely Alcott’s own father is the focus here, given the books highly autobiographical status. It has also been said that through Alcott’s portrayal she manages to draw â€Å"a veil over her brilliant fathers many incompetencies† (Watson, 2009 p.14) Stevenson’s â€Å"complex† (Hunt, P (in) Stevenson 2011 p.xi) relationship with his own father is also brought into account. The fact there are two very different father figures presented within Treasure Island interprets the fluctuating relationship he had with his father â€Å"several critics have seen Treasure Island and Jim Hawkins torturous relationship with Long John Silver as an extended mediation of this† (Hunt, P (in) Stevenson 2011 p.xi) yet Stevenson’s own essay My First Book, goes into detailed account of his fathers involvement in the creation of the book â€Å"in Treasure Island he recognised something kindred to his own imagination; it was his kind of picturesque; and he not only heard with delight the daily chapter, but set himself acting to collaborate.†(Stevenson. R.L. p.56) If the complex relationship between Stevenson and his father is present in Stevenson’s portrayal of Silver and Jim; this shows us he regarded his father with a certain ambiguity and admiration in the same way Jim is drawn to Silver through the desire for acknowledgement and approval. Whilst throughout Little Women numerous focalisations take place, Treasure Island’s narration is completed by just two individuals. The relationship Livesy has with Jim is highlighted by his continued narration of the story when Jim is incapacitated in retrieving the ‘Hispaniola’. This not only allows us to hear the story from Livesy’s own focalised viewpoint, but it combines Jim and Dr Livesy as a duo. It also points to the future relationship of the two men as we note that the narrative is â€Å"written after the event with the witness of retrospectivity† (Loxley. D. p.60) hinting at a relationship continued once the adventure has ended. If Livesy is intended to represent the ideal father then Silver represents the opposite, being selfish and morally inept. Jim however, seeks the approval of Silver despite his suspicion and fear. When Silver addresses a fellow mutineer with the line â€Å"you’re young, you are, but you’re as smart as paint. I see that when I set my eyes on you, and I’ll talk to you like a man.† (Stevenson, 2011 p. 61) A similar phrase is used to sway Jim’s affections earlier in the story and Jim is quickly struck with jealousy. â€Å"You may imagine how I felt when I heard this abominable old rogue addressing another in the very same words of flattery as he had used to myself. I think, if I had been able, that I would have killed him through the barrel† (Stevenson, 2011 p. 62) Jim’s alliances are swayed and subjected to overthrows of power by the two feuding groups, he has the lure of the danger and adventure should he decide to side with Silver yet th e doctor is the ideal representative of moral decorum which Jim has aimed to exhibit so far. With this struggle taking place the power shifts between who has possession of the ‘Hispaniola’ and who has possession of Jim. â€Å"Power itself is involved in a thematic of circuitry and exchange, continually passing from one group or individual to another, never resting in or reaching a central position and dramatised in the motif of the ship which acts as a symbol of this continuous process.† (Loxley, 2009. p.62) He and Silver share an ability to infiltrate both sides of the arguing men and â€Å"become united to an extent that their duplicitous actions set them apart from the groups.†(Loxley, 2009. p. 63) In Livesy, Jim has the imperial hero who represents the ideal nineteenth century father figure, â€Å"Livesy has the expertise and respectability of the settle world in combination with the bravery and derring-do of the pirated.†(Parkes, 2009 p.74) Yet an unknown intrigue presents itself through Silver’s manipulation of Jim’s emotions, comments implying Jim is â€Å"the picter of my own self when I was young† affect Jim’s judgement of the pirate and an a ffiliation is clear. (Stevenson, 2011. p.146) Stevenson’s main mode of connecting with his target audience was the exclusion of women from the majority of the story, Jim’s mother signifies his slightly naive nature at the start of the novel yet her absence allows him to grow and progress towards being considered a man. In the same way Alcott’s Little Women are mainly alone with their mother for the first chapters, allowing the reader an insight into the world of the girls, without an overbearing masculine character to interrupt this process. Through this exclusion of opposite sexes, both authors lay out the foundations to appeal to gender specific demographics. Treasure Island is primarily a fantasy peppered with elements of realism, these aspects of realism are what keep the story engaging to young boys, only through our comparison between Jim and his father figures can we ascertain any sense of progress in Jim’s story. Through contrasting Jim to Silver or Livesy we find they are in place to aid and guide his transition through adolescence and this rite of passage adventure. In comparison Little Women is a novel steeped in realism and the relevance of the father figures highlights nineteenth century society’s attitudes to women more so than their attitudes to men, the secret of Alcott’s success is through Jo’s unfeminine qualities, by noticing the market of â€Å"tomboyish girls striving to overcome their natural indiscipline to find a place in society and a husband without compromising their own personalities.†(Watson, 2009 p.15) Alcott recognised the difficulties children faced when approaching adolescence and the reluctance to conform to a desired demeanour. Though Mr March isn’t present throughout most of the novel, his presence in the girls minds is much like that of a deity, in keeping faith that they shall please their father they seek his approval by performing moral acts of kindness and behaving like ‘little women’. When they are rewarded by his return, the masculine focus of the story is shifted to the prospective husbands and their search for approval begins once more. The theme of both novels is one of growing up, without the inclusion of a father figure to guide or to offer approval the element of childhood is lost along with the target audience. The depictions of fatherhood within the two novels are relevant because the novels are aimed at children. Regardless of the moral conduct or characterisation of these representations they are included to highlight a child’s need for adult authoritarianism; without this a child has no model for their behaviours or guardian to guide them to the next chapter of adulthood, and becoming parents themselves. Bibliography Alcott, L.M. (1998) Little women, Oxford:, Oxford Paperbacks. Fetterley, J. (2009) ‘Little Women: Alcott’s Civil War’ Children’s Literature: classic texts and contemporary trends, Milton Keynes:, In association with the Open University. Hunt, P. (in) Stevenson, R.L. (2011) ‘Introduction’ Treasure Island, Oxford:, Oxford University Press. Loxley, D. (2009) ‘Slaves to Adventure: The Pure Story of Treasure Island’ Children’s Literature: classic texts and contemporary trends, Milton Keynes:, In association with the Open University. Parkes, C. (2009) ‘Treasure Island and the Romance of the British Civil Service’ Children’s literature: classic texts and contemporary trends, Milton Keynes:, In association with the Open University. Stevenson, R.L. (2009) ‘My First Book: Treasure Island’ Children’s Literature: classic texts and contemporary trends, Milton Keynes:, In association with the Open University. Stevenson, R.L. (2011) Treasure Island, Oxford:, Oxford University Press. Watson, N.J. (2009) ‘Introduction’ Children’s Literature: classic texts and contemporary trends [Online], Milton Keynes:, In association with the Open University

Savvy by Ingrid Law

Savvy by Ingrid Law. Cover Illustration by Terese Dikun. Dial Books, 2008. Ages 12 and up. Savvy is a story about an unusual family, the Beaumonts, whose family members awaken powers – coined savvy – at the age of 13. The Baumont’s sons, for example, can cause hurricanes and sparks with their savvies. The novel begins with Mibs, the youngest of the Beaumont clan, as she nears the eve of her 13th birthday and is excited to discover what her savvy would be. However, tragedy strikes a mere two days before her 13th birthday as Poppa, the Beaumont patriarch, figures in a terrible accident 90 miles away from home. What ensues is an extraordinary adventure fueled by Mibs’ unwavering belief that her savvy would be able to save Poppa. Riding a pink rickety bus and accompanied by her two brothers and the preacher’s kids, Mibs embarks on a journey to awaken her savvy and prove she can save the day. Ultimately, Savvy is a story about growing up and coming to know and accept oneself and others. It teaches about learning and seeing beyond appearances and appreciating what is skin deep. Savvy is a wondrous tale of hope, love, and redemption. The novel bridges the idea that each and every individual is very special, with unique gifts that make that person unique. Ingrid Law craftily manages to incorporate all of these into a concise yet elegantly written novel while still making the story and the characterization a priority, resulting in a book that leaves the reader filled with all sorts of wonderful emotions even after turning over that last page.

the history of microsoft word Essay Example

the history of microsoft word Essay Example the history of microsoft word Essay the history of microsoft word Essay From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The first version of Microsoft Word was developed by Charles Simonyi and Richard Brodie, former Xerox programmers hired by Bill Gates and Paul Allen in 1981. Both programmers worked on Xerox Bravo, the first Microsoft WYSIW{Gword processor. The first Word version, Word 1. 0, was released in October 1983 for Xenix and MS- DOS; it was followed by four very similar versions that were not very successful. The first Windows version was released in 1989, with a slightly improved interface. When Windows 3. 0 was released in 1990, Word became a huge commercial success. Word for Windows 1. 0 was followed by Word 2. 0 in 1991 and Word 6. 0 in 1993. Then it was renamed to Word 95 and Word 97, Word 2000 and Word for Office XP (to follow Windows commercial names). With the release of Word 2003, the numbering was again year-based. Since then, Word 2007, Word 2010, and most recently, Word 2013 have been released for Windows. In 1986, an agreement between Atari and Microsoft brought Word to the Atari ST. I] The Atari ST version was a translation of Word 1. 05 for the Apple Macintosh; however, it was released under the name Microsoft Write (the name of the word processor included with Windows during the 80s and early 90s). [2][3] Unlike other versions of Word, the Atari version was a one time release with no future updates or revisions. The release of Microsoft Write was one of two major PC applications that were released for the Atari ST (the other application being WordPerfect) . Microsoft Write was released for the Atari ST in 1988. Contents [hide] 1 word 1990 to 1995 2 word 97 3 word 98 4 word 2001 mord X 5 word 2002,xp 6 word 2003 7 word 2004 8 word 2007 9 word 2008 10 word 2010 11 word 2011 12 word 2013 3 See also 14 Further reading 1 5 References 16 External links word 1990 to 1995tedit] The very first version of Word for Windows was released in 1989 at a price of US$495. [4] With the release of Windows 3. 0 the following year, sales began to pick up (Word for Windows 1. 0 was designed for use with Windows 3. , and its performance was poorer with the versions of Windows available when it was first released). The failure of WordPerfect to produce a Windows version proved a fatal mistake. It was version 2. 0 of Word, however, that firmly established Microsoft Word as the market leader. 5] The early versions of Word also included copy protection mechanisms that tried to detect debuggers, and if one was found, it produced the message The tree of evil bears bitter fruit. Now trashing program disk. and performed a zero seek on the floppy disk (but did not delete its contents). 6][7][8] After MacWrite, Word for Macintosh never had any serious rivals, although programs such as Nisus Writer provided features such as non-continuous selection, which were not added until Word 2002 in Office XP. In addition, many users[who? ] complained that major pdates reliably came more than two years apart, too long for most business users at that time. Word 5. 1 for the Macintosh, released in 1992, was a very popular word processor, owing to its elegance, relative ease of use and feature set. However, version 6. 0 for the Macintosh, released in 1994, was widely derided, unlike the Windows version. It was the first version of Word based on a common code base between the Windows and Mac versions; many accused it of being slow, clumsy and memory intensive. In response to user requests, Microsoft offered a free downgrade to Word 5. 1 for dissatisfied Word 6. 0 purchasers. [citation needed] With the release of Word 6. 0 in 1993 Microsoft again attempted to synchronize the version numbers and coordinate product naming across platforms; this time across the three versions for DOS, Macintosh, and Windows (where the previous version was Word for Windows 2. 0). There may have also been thought given to matching the current version 6. 0 of WordPerfect for DOS and Windows, Words major competitor. However, this wound up being the last version of Word for DOS. In addition, subsequent ersions of Word were no longer referred to by version number, and were instead named after the year of their release (e. g. Word 95 for Windows, synchronizing its name with Windows 95, and Word 98 for Macintosh), once again breaking the synchronization. When Microsoft became aware of the Year 2000 problem, it released the entire DOS port of Microsoft Word 5. instead of getting people to pay for the update. As of June 2013, it is still available for download from Microsofts web site. [9] Word 6. 0 was the second attempt to develop a common code base version of Word. The first, code-named Pyramid, had been an attempt to completely rewrite the existing product. It was abandoned when it was determined that it would take the development team too long to rewrite and then catch up with all the new capabilities that could have been added in the same time without a rewrite. Supporters of Pyramid claimed that it would have been faster, smaller, and more stable than the product that was eventually released for Macintosh, and which was compiled using a beta version of Visual C++ 2. 0 that targets the Macintosh, so many optimizations have o be turned off (the version 4. 2. 1 of Office is compiled using the final version), and sometimes use the Windows API simulation library included. [10] Pyramid would have been truly cross-platform, with machine-independent application code and a small mediation layer between the application and the operating system. More recent versions of Word for Macintosh are no longer ported versions of Word for Windows, although some code is often appropriated from the Windows version for the Macintosh version. [citation needed] Later versions of Word have more capabilities han merely word processing. The drawing tool allows simple desktop publishing operations, such as adding graphics to documents. Collaboration, document comparison, multilingual support, translation and many other capabilities have been added over the years. citation needed] Word 97[edit] Word 97 had the same general operating performance as later versions such as Word 2000. This was the first copy of Word featuring the Office Assistant, Clippit, which was an animated helper used in all Office programs. This was a takeover from the earlier launched concept in Microsoft Bob. Word 98[edit] Word 98 for the Macintosh gained many features of Word 97, and was bundled with the Macintosh Office 98 package. Document compatibility reached parity wi th Office 97 and Word on the Mac became a viable business alternative to its Windows counterpart. Unfortunately, Word on the Mac in this and later releases also became vulnerable to future macro viruses that could compromise Word (and Excel) documents, leading to the only situation where viruses could be cross-platform. A Windows version of this was only bundled with the Japanese/Korean Microsoft Office 7 Powered By Word 98 and could not be purchased separately. Word 2001 mord xcedit] Word 2001 was bundled with the Macintosh Office for that platform, acquiring most, if not all, of the feature set of Word 2000. Released in October 2000, Word 2001 was also sold as an individual product. The Macintosh version, Word X, released in 2001, was the first version to run natively on (and required) Mac OS X. Word 2002/XP[edit] See also: Microsoft Office XP Word 2002 was bundled with Office XP and was released in 2001. It had many of the same features as Word 2000, but had a major new feature called the Task Panes, hich gave quicker information and control to a lot of features that were before only available in modal dialog boxes. One of the key advertising strategies for the software was the removal of the Office Assistant in favor of a new help system, although it was simply disabled by default. Word 2003[edit] See also: Microsoft Office 2003 For the 2003 version, the Office programs, including Word, were rebranded to emphasize the unity of the Office suite, so that Microsoft Word officially became Microsoft Office Word. Word 2004[edit] A new Macintosh version of Office was released in May 2004. Substantial cleanup of he various applications (Word, Excel, PowerPoint) and feature parity with Office 2003 (for Microsoft Windows) created a very usable release. Microsoft released patches through the years to eliminate most known macro vulnerabilities from this version. While Apple released Pages and the open source community created NeoOffce, Word remains the most widely used word processor on the Macintosh. Word 2007[edit] See also: Microsoft Office 2007 The release includes numerous changes, including a new XML-based file format, a redesigned interface, an integrated equation editor and bibliographic management. Additionally, an XML data bag was introduced, accessible via the object model and file format, called Custom XML this can be used in conjunction with a new feature called Content Controls to implement structured documents. It also has contextual tabs, which are functionality specific only to the object with focus, and many other features like Live Preview (which enables you to view the document without making any permanent changes), Mini Toolbar, Super-tooltips, Quick Access toolbar, SmartArt, etc. Word 2007 uses a new file format called docx. Word 2000-2003 users n Windows systems can install a free add-on called the Microsoft Office Compatibility Pack to be able to open, edit, and save the new Word 2007 files. [11]Alternatively, Word 2007 can save to the old doc format of Word word 2008[edit] See also: Microsoft Office 2008 for Mac Word 2008 was released on January 1 5, 2008. It includes some new features from Word 2007, such as a ribbon-like feature that can be used to select page layouts and insert custom diagrams and images. Word 2008 also features native support for the new Office Open XML format, although the old doc format can be set as a default. 4] word 201 ocedit] See also: Microsoft Office 2010 word 2011 [edit] See also: Microsoft Office for Mac 2011 word 2013[edit] The release of Word 2013 has brought Word a cleaner look and this version focuses further on Cloud Computing with documents being saved automatically to SkyDrive. If enabled, documents and settings roam with the user. Other notable features are a ne w read mode which allows for horizontal scrolling of pages in columns, a bookmark to find where the user left off reading their document and opening PDF documents in Word Just like Word content. See also[edit]